Contents#

Overview#

docs
tests
package

Library to handle hexadecimal record files

Free software: BSD 2-Clause License

Introduction#

The purpose of this library is to provide simple but useful methods to load, edit, and save hexadecimal record files.

In the field of embedded systems, hexadecimal record files are the most common way to share binary data to be written to the target non-volatile memory, such as a EEPROM or microcontroller code flash. Such binary data can contain compiled executable code, configuration data, volatile memory dumps, etc.

The most common file formats for hexadecimal record files are Intel HEX (.hex) and Motorola S-record (.srec). Other common formats for binary data exchange for embedded systems include the Executable and Linkable Format (.elf), hex dumps (by hexdump or xxd), and raw binary files (.bin).

A good thing about hexadecimal record files is that they are almost de-facto, so every time a supplier has to give away its binary data it is either in HEX or SREC, although ELF is arguably the most common for debuggable executables.

A bad thing is that their support in embedded software toolsets is sometimes flawed or only one of the formats is supported, while the supplier provides its binary data in the other format.

Another feature is that binary data is split into text record lines (thus their name) protected by some kind of checksum. This is good for data exchange and line-by-line writing to the target memory (in the old days), but this makes in-place editing by humans rather tedious as data should be split, and the checksum and other metadata have to be updated.

All of the above led to the development of this library, which allows to, for example:

convert between hexadecimal record formats;
merge/patch multiple hexadecimal record files of different formats;
access every single record of a hexadecimal record file;
build records through handy methods;
edit sparse data in a virtual memory behaving like a bytearray;
extract or update only some parts of the binary data.

Documentation#

For the full documentation, please refer to:

https://hexrec.readthedocs.io/

Architecture#

Within the hexrec package itself are the symbols of the most commonly used classes and functions.

As the core of this library are record files, the hexrec.records is the first module a user should look up. It provides high-level functions to deal with record files, as well as classes holding record data.

The hexrec.records allows to load bytesparse virtual memories, which are as easy to use as the native bytearray, but with sparse data blocks.

The hexrec.utils module provides some miscellaneous utility stuff.

hexrec.xxd is an emulation of the xxd command line utility delivered by vim.

The package can also be run as a command line tool, by running the hexrec package itself (python -m hexrec), providing some record file utilities. You can also create your own standalone executable, or download a precompiled one from the pyinstaller folder.

The codebase is written in a simple fashion, to be easily readable and maintainable, following some naive pythonic K.I.S.S. approach by choice.

Examples#

To have a glimpse of the features provided by this library, some simple but common examples are shown in the following.

Convert format#

It happens that some software tool only supports some hexadecimal record file formats, or the format given to you is not handled properly, or simply you prefer a format against another (e.g. SREC has linear addressing, while HEX is in a segment:offset fashion).

In this example, a HEX file is converted to SREC.

from hexrec import convert_file
convert_file('data.hex', 'data.srec')

This can also be done by running hexrec as a command line tool:

$ hexrec convert data.hex data.srec

Alternatively, by executing the package itself:

$ python -m hexrec convert data.hex data.srec

Merge files#

It is very common that the board factory prefers to receive a single file to program the microcontroller, because a single file is simpler to manage for them, and might be faster for their workers or machine, where every second counts.

This example shows how to merge a bootloader, an executable, and some configuration data into a single file, in the order they are listed.

from hexrec import merge_files
input_files = ['bootloader.hex', 'executable.mot', 'configuration.s19']
merge_files(input_files, 'merged.srec')

This can also be done by running the hexrec package as a command line tool:

$ hexrec merge bootloader.hex executable.mot configuration.s19 merged.srec

Alternatively, these files can be merged manually via virtual memory:

from hexrec import load_memory, save_memory
from bytesparse import bytesparse
input_files = ['bootloader.hex', 'executable.mot', 'configuration.s19']
input_memories = [load_memory(filename) for filename in input_files]
merged_memory = bytesparse()
for input_memory in input_memories:
    merged_memory.write(0, input_memory)
save_memory('merged.srec', merged_memory)

Dataset generator#

Let us suppose we are early in the development of the embedded system and we need to test the current executable with some data stored in EEPROM. We lack the software tool to generate such data, and even worse we need to test 100 configurations. For the sake of simplicity, the data structure consists of 4096 random values (0 to 1) of float type, stored in little-endian at the address 0xDA7A0000.

import struct, random
from hexrec import save_chunk
for index in range(100):
    values = [random.random() for _ in range(4096)]
    data = struct.pack('<4096f', *values)
    save_chunk(f'dataset_{index:02d}.mot', data, 0xDA7A0000)

Write a CRC#

Usually, the executable or the configuration data of an embedded system are protected by a CRC, so that their integrity can be self-checked.

Let us suppose that for some reason the compiler does not calculate such CRC the expected way, and we prefer to do it with a script.

This example shows how to load a HEX file, compute a CRC32 from the address 0x1000 to 0x3FFB (0x3FFC exclusive), and write the calculated CRC to 0x3FFC in big-endian as a SREC file. The rest of the data is left untouched.

import binascii, struct
from hexrec import save_memory
memory = load_memory('data.srec')
crc = binascii.crc32(memory[0x1000:0x3FFC]) & 0xFFFFFFFF  # remove sign
memory.write(0x3FFC, struct.pack('>L', crc))
save_memory('data_crc.srec', memory)

Trim for bootloader#

When using a bootloader, it is very important that the application being written does not overlap with the bootloader. Sometimes the compiler still generates stuff like a default interrupt table which should reside in the bootloader, and we need to get rid of it, as well as everything outside the address range allocated for the application itself.

This example shows how to trim the application executable record file to the allocated address range 0x8000-0x1FFFF. Being written to a flash memory, unused memory byte cells default to 0xFF.

from hexrec import save_chunk
memory = load_memory('app_original.hex')
data = memory[0x8000:0x20000:b'\xFF']
save_chunk('app_trimmed.srec', data, 0x8000)

This can also be done by running the hexrec package as a command line tool:

$ hexrec cut -s 0x8000 -e 0x20000 -v 0xFF app_original.hex app_trimmed.srec

By contrast, we need to fill the application range within the bootloader image with 0xFF, so that no existing application will be available again. Also, we need to preserve the address range 0x3F800-0x3FFFF because it already contains some important data.

from hexrec import load_memory, save_memory
memory = load_memory('boot_original.hex')
memory.fill(0x8000, 0x20000, b'\xFF')
memory.clear(0x3F800, 0x40000)
save_memory('boot_fixed.srec', memory)

With the command line interface, it can be done via a two-pass processing, first to fill the application range, then to clear the reserved range. Please note that the first command is chained to the second one via standard output/input buffering (the virtual - file path, in intel format as per boot_original.hex).

$ hexrec fill -s 0x8000 -e 0x20000 -v 0xFF boot_original.hex - | \
  hexrec clear -s 0x3F800 -e 0x40000 -i intel - boot_fixed.srec

(newline continuation is backslash \ for a Unix-like shell, caret ^ for a DOS prompt).

Export ELF physical program#

The following example shows how to export physical program stored within an Executable and Linkable File (ELF), compiled for a microcontroller. As per the previous example, only data within the range 0x8000-0x1FFFF are kept, with the rest of the memory filled with the 0xFF value.

from hexrec import save_memory
from bytesparse import bytesparse
from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
with open('app.elf', 'rb') as elf_stream:
    elf_file = ELFFile(elf_stream)
    memory = bytesparse(start=0x8000, endex=0x20000)  # bounds set
    memory.fill(pattern=b'\xFF')  # between bounds
    for segment in elf_file.iter_segments(type='PT_LOAD'):
        addr = segment.header.p_paddr
        data = segment.data()
        memory.write(addr, data)
save_memory('app.srec', memory)

Installation#

From PyPI (might not be the latest version found on github):

$ pip install hexrec

From the source code root directory:

$ pip install .

Development#

To run the all the tests:

$ pip install tox
$ tox

Installation#

From PyPI#

At the command line:

$ pip install hexrec

The package found on PyPI might be outdated with respect to the source repository.

From source#

At the command line, at the root of the source directory:

$ pip install .

Command Line Interface#

hexrec#

A set of command line utilities for common operations with record files.

Being built with Click, all the commands follow POSIX-like syntax rules, as well as reserving the virtual file path - for command chaining via standard output/input buffering.

hexrec [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...

clear#

Clears an address range.

INFILE is the path of the input file. Set to - to read from standard input; input format required.

OUTFILE is the path of the output file. Set to - to write to standard output.

hexrec clear [OPTIONS] INFILE OUTFILE

Options

-i, --input-format <input_format>#

Forces the input file format. Required for the standard input.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-o, --output-format <output_format>#

Forces the output file format. By default it is that of the input file.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-s, --start <start>#: Inclusive start address. Negative values are referred to the end of the data. By default it applies from the start of the data contents.

-e, --endex <endex>#: Exclusive end address. Negative values are referred to the end of the data. By default it applies till the end of the data contents.

Arguments

INFILE#: Required argument

OUTFILE#: Required argument

convert#

Converts a file to another format.

INFILE is the list of paths of the input files. Set to - to read from standard input; input format required.

OUTFILE is the path of the output file. Set to - to write to standard output.

hexrec convert [OPTIONS] INFILE OUTFILE

Options

-i, --input-format <input_format>#

Forces the input file format. Required for the standard input.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-o, --output-format <output_format>#

Forces the output file format. By default it is that of the input file.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

Arguments

INFILE#: Required argument

OUTFILE#: Required argument

crop#

Selects data from an address range.

INFILE is the path of the input file. Set to - to read from standard input; input format required.

OUTFILE is the path of the output file. Set to - to write to standard output.

hexrec crop [OPTIONS] INFILE OUTFILE

Options

-i, --input-format <input_format>#

Forces the input file format. Required for the standard input.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-o, --output-format <output_format>#

Forces the output file format. By default it is that of the input file.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-v, --value <value>#: Byte value used to flood the address range. By default, no flood is performed.

-s, --start <start>#: Inclusive start address. Negative values are referred to the end of the data. By default it applies from the start of the data contents.

-e, --endex <endex>#: Exclusive end address. Negative values are referred to the end of the data. By default it applies till the end of the data contents.

Arguments

INFILE#: Required argument

OUTFILE#: Required argument

cut#

Selects data from an address range.

DEPRECATED: Use the crop command instead.

INFILE is the path of the input file. Set to - to read from standard input; input format required.

OUTFILE is the path of the output file. Set to - to write to standard output.

hexrec cut [OPTIONS] INFILE OUTFILE

Options

-i, --input-format <input_format>#

Forces the input file format. Required for the standard input.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-o, --output-format <output_format>#

Forces the output file format. By default it is that of the input file.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-v, --value <value>#: Byte value used to flood the address range. By default, no flood is performed.

-s, --start <start>#: Inclusive start address. Negative values are referred to the end of the data. By default it applies from the start of the data contents.

-e, --endex <endex>#: Exclusive end address. Negative values are referred to the end of the data. By default it applies till the end of the data contents.

Arguments

INFILE#: Required argument

OUTFILE#: Required argument

delete#

Deletes an address range.

INFILE is the path of the input file. Set to - to read from standard input; input format required.

OUTFILE is the path of the output file. Set to - to write to standard output.

hexrec delete [OPTIONS] INFILE OUTFILE

Options

-i, --input-format <input_format>#

Forces the input file format. Required for the standard input.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-o, --output-format <output_format>#

Forces the output file format. By default it is that of the input file.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-s, --start <start>#: Inclusive start address. Negative values are referred to the end of the data. By default it applies from the start of the data contents.

-e, --endex <endex>#: Exclusive end address. Negative values are referred to the end of the data. By default it applies till the end of the data contents.

Arguments

INFILE#: Required argument

OUTFILE#: Required argument

fill#

Fills an address range with a byte value.

INFILE is the path of the input file. Set to - to read from standard input; input format required.

OUTFILE is the path of the output file. Set to - to write to standard output.

hexrec fill [OPTIONS] INFILE OUTFILE

Options

-i, --input-format <input_format>#

Forces the input file format. Required for the standard input.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-o, --output-format <output_format>#

Forces the output file format. By default it is that of the input file.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-v, --value <value>#: Byte value used to fill the address range.

-s, --start <start>#: Inclusive start address. Negative values are referred to the end of the data. By default it applies from the start of the data contents.

-e, --endex <endex>#: Exclusive end address. Negative values are referred to the end of the data. By default it applies till the end of the data contents.

Arguments

INFILE#: Required argument

OUTFILE#: Required argument

flood#

Fills emptiness of an address range with a byte value.

INFILE is the path of the input file. Set to - to read from standard input; input format required.

OUTFILE is the path of the output file. Set to - to write to standard output.

hexrec flood [OPTIONS] INFILE OUTFILE

Options

-i, --input-format <input_format>#

Forces the input file format. Required for the standard input.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-o, --output-format <output_format>#

Forces the output file format. By default it is that of the input file.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-v, --value <value>#: Byte value used to flood the address range.

-s, --start <start>#: Inclusive start address. Negative values are referred to the end of the data. By default it applies from the start of the data contents.

-e, --endex <endex>#: Exclusive end address. Negative values are referred to the end of the data. By default it applies till the end of the data contents.

Arguments

INFILE#: Required argument

OUTFILE#: Required argument

merge#

Merges multiple files.

INFILES is the list of paths of the input files. Set any to - to read from standard input; input format required.

OUTFILE is the path of the output file. Set to - to write to standard output.

Every file of INFILES will overwrite data of previous files of the list where addresses overlap.

hexrec merge [OPTIONS] INFILES... OUTFILE

Options

-i, --input-format <input_format>#

Forces the input file format. Required for the standard input.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-o, --output-format <output_format>#

Forces the output file format. By default it is that of the input file.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

Arguments

INFILES#: Required argument(s)

OUTFILE#: Required argument

motorola#

Motorola SREC specific

hexrec motorola [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...

del-header#

Deletes the header data record.

INFILE is the path of the input file; ‘motorola’ record type. Set to - to read from standard input.

OUTFILE is the path of the output file. Set to - to write to standard output.

hexrec motorola del-header [OPTIONS] INFILE OUTFILE

Arguments

INFILE#: Required argument

OUTFILE#: Required argument

get-header#

Gets the header data.

INFILE is the path of the input file; ‘motorola’ record type. Set to - to read from standard input.

hexrec motorola get-header [OPTIONS] INFILE

Options

-f, --format <format>#

Header data format.

Options:: ascii | hex | HEX | hex. | HEX. | hex- | HEX- | hex: | HEX: | hex_ | HEX_ | hex | HEX

Arguments

INFILE#: Required argument

set-header#

Sets the header data record.

INFILE is the path of the input file; ‘motorola’ record type. Set to - to read from standard input.

OUTFILE is the path of the output file. Set to - to write to standard output.

hexrec motorola set-header [OPTIONS] HEADER INFILE OUTFILE

Options

-f, --format <format>#

Header data format.

Options:: ascii | hex | HEX | hex. | HEX. | hex- | HEX- | hex: | HEX: | hex_ | HEX_ | hex | HEX

Arguments

HEADER#: Required argument

INFILE#: Required argument

OUTFILE#: Required argument

reverse#

Reverses data.

INFILE is the path of the input file. Set to - to read from standard input; input format required.

OUTFILE is the path of the output file. Set to - to write to standard output.

hexrec reverse [OPTIONS] INFILE OUTFILE

Options

-i, --input-format <input_format>#

Forces the input file format. Required for the standard input.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-o, --output-format <output_format>#

Forces the output file format. By default it is that of the input file.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

Arguments

INFILE#: Required argument

OUTFILE#: Required argument

shift#

Shifts data addresses.

INFILE is the path of the input file. Set to - to read from standard input; input format required.

OUTFILE is the path of the output file. Set to - to write to standard output.

hexrec shift [OPTIONS] INFILE OUTFILE

Options

-i, --input-format <input_format>#

Forces the input file format. Required for the standard input.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-o, --output-format <output_format>#

Forces the output file format. By default it is that of the input file.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

-n, --amount <amount>#: Address shift to apply.

Arguments

INFILE#: Required argument

OUTFILE#: Required argument

validate#

Validates a record file.

INFILE is the path of the input file. Set to - to read from standard input; input format required.

hexrec validate [OPTIONS] INFILE

Options

-i, --input-format <input_format>#

Forces the input file format. Required for the standard input.

Options:: ascii_hex | binary | intel | mos | motorola | tektronix

Arguments

INFILE#: Required argument

xxd#

Emulates the xxd command.

Please refer to the xxd manual page to know its features and caveats.

Some parameters were changed to satisfy the POSIX-like command line parser.

hexrec xxd [OPTIONS] INFILE OUTFILE

Options

-a, --autoskip#

Toggles autoskip.

A single ‘*’ replaces null lines.

-b, --bits#

Binary digits.

Switches to bits (binary digits) dump, rather than hexdump. This option writes octets as eight digits of ‘1’ and ‘0’ instead of a normal hexadecimal dump. Each line is preceded by a line number in hexadecimal and followed by an ASCII (or EBCDIC) representation. The argument switches -r, -p, -i do not work with this mode.

-c, --cols <cols>#

Formats <cols> octets per line. Max 256.

Defaults: normal 16, -i 12, -p 30, -b 6.

-E, --ebcdic, --EBCDIC#

Uses EBCDIC charset.

Changes the character encoding in the right-hand column from ASCII to EBCDIC. This does not change the hexadecimal representation. The option is meaningless in combinations with -r, -p or -i.

-e, --endian#

Switches to little-endian hexdump.

This option treats byte groups as words in little-endian byte order. The default grouping of 4 bytes may be changed using -g. This option only applies to hexdump, leaving the ASCII (or EBCDIC) representation unchanged. The switches -r, -p, -i do not work with this mode.

-g, --groupsize <groupsize>#

Byte group size.

Separates the output of every <groupsize> bytes (two hex characters or eight bit-digits each) by a whitespace. Specify <groupsize> 0 to suppress grouping. <groupsize> defaults to 2 in normal mode, 4 in little-endian mode and 1 in bits mode. Grouping does not apply to -p or -i.

-i, --include#

Output in C include file style.

A complete static array definition is written (named after the input file), unless reading from standard input.

-l, --length, --len <length>#: Stops after writing <length> octets.

-o, --offset <offset>#: Adds <offset> to the displayed file position.

-p, --postscript, --plain, --ps#

Outputs in postscript continuous hexdump style.

Also known as plain hexdump style.

-q, --quadword#: Uses 64-bit addressing.

-r, --revert#

Reverse operation.

Convert (or patch) hexdump into binary. If not writing to standard output, it writes into its output file without truncating it. Use the combination -r and -p to read plain hexadecimal dumps without line number information and without a particular column layout. Additional Whitespace and line breaks are allowed anywhere.

-k, --seek <oseek>#

Output seeking.

When used after -r reverts with -o added to file positions found in hexdump.

-s <iseek>#

Input seeking.

Starts at <s> bytes absolute (or relative) input offset. Without -s option, it starts at the current file position. The prefix is used to compute the offset. ‘+’ indicates that the seek is relative to the current input position. ‘-’ indicates that the seek should be that many characters from the end of the input. ‘+-’ indicates that the seek should be that many characters before the current stdin file position.

-U, --upper-all#: Uses upper case hex letters on address and data.

-u, --upper#: Uses upper case hex letters on data only.

-v, --version#: Prints the package version number.

Arguments

INFILE#: Required argument

OUTFILE#: Required argument

Reference#

`hexrec`
`hexrec.formats`	Record formats
`hexrec.formats.ascii_hex`	ASCII-hex format.
`hexrec.formats.binary`	Binary format.
`hexrec.formats.intel`	Intel HEX format.
`hexrec.formats.mos`	MOS Technology format.
`hexrec.formats.motorola`	Motorola S-record format.
`hexrec.formats.tektronix`	Tektronix extended HEX format.
`hexrec.records`	Hexadecimal record management.
`hexrec.utils`	Generic utility functions.
`hexrec.xxd`([infile, outfile, autoskip, ...])	Emulation of the xxd utility core.

Contributing#

Contributions are welcome, and they are greatly appreciated! Every little bit helps, and credit will always be given.

Bug reports#

When reporting a bug please include:

Your operating system name and version.

Any details about your local setup that might be helpful in troubleshooting.

Detailed steps to reproduce the bug.

Documentation improvements#

hexrec could always use more documentation, whether as part of the official hexrec docs, in docstrings, or even on the web in blog posts, articles, and such.

Feature requests and feedback#

The best way to send feedback is to file an issue at https://github.com/TexZK/hexrec/issues.

If you are proposing a feature:

Explain in detail how it would work.
Keep the scope as narrow as possible, to make it easier to implement.
Remember that this is a volunteer-driven project, and that code contributions are welcome :)

Development#

To set up hexrec for local development:

Fork hexrec (look for the “Fork” button).

Clone your fork locally:

git clone git@github.com:your_name_here/hexrec.git

Create a branch for local development:
```
git checkout -b name-of-your-bugfix-or-feature
```
Now you can make your changes locally.
When you’re done making changes, run all the checks, doc builder and spell checker with tox one command:
```
tox
```

Commit your changes and push your branch to GitHub:

git add .
git commit -m "Your detailed description of your changes."
git push origin name-of-your-bugfix-or-feature

Submit a pull request through the GitHub website.

Pull Request Guidelines#

If you need some code review or feedback while you’re developing the code just make the pull request.

For merging, you should:

Include passing tests (run tox).
Update documentation when there’s new API, functionality etc.
Add a note to CHANGELOG.rst about the changes.
Add yourself to AUTHORS.rst.

Tips#

To run a subset of tests:

tox -e envname -- pytest -k test_myfeature

To run all the test environments in parallel (you need to pip install detox):

detox

Authors#

Andrea Zoppi - main developer - https://github.com/TexZK

Special thanks#

Scott Finneran - main developer of the SRecord project - https://srecord.sourceforge.net/

Changelog#

0.3.1 (2024-01-23)#

Added support for Python 3.12.
Added Motorola header editing.
Minor fixes and changes.

0.3.0 (2023-02-21)#

Added support for Python 3.11, removed 3.6.
Deprecated hexrec.blocks module entirely.
Using bytesparse for virtual memory management.
Improved repository layout.
Improved testing and packaging workflow.
Minor fixes and changes.

0.2.3 (2021-12-30)#

Removed dependency of legacy pathlib package; using Python’s own module instead.
Added support for Python 3.10.
Fixed maximum SREC length.
Changed pattern offset behavior.
Some alignment to the bytesparse.Memory API; deprecated code marked as such.

0.2.2 (2020-11-08)#

Added workaround to register default record types.
Added support for Python 3.9.
Fixed insertion bug.
Added empty space reservation.

0.2.1 (2020-03-05)#

Fixed flood with empty span.

0.2.0 (2020-02-01)#

Added support for current Python versions (3.8, PyPy 3).
Removed support for old Python versions (< 3.6, PyPy 2).
Major refactoring to allow an easier integration of new record formats.

0.1.0 (2019-08-13)#

Added support for Python 3.7.

0.0.4 (2018-12-22)#

New command line interface made with Click.
More testing and fixing.
Some refactoring.
More documentation.

0.0.3 (2018-12-04)#

Much testing and fixing.
Some refactoring.
More documentation.

0.0.2 (2018-08-29)#

Major refactoring.
Added most of the documentation.
Added first drafts to manage blocks of data.
Added first test suites.

0.0.1 (2018-06-27)#

First release on PyPI.
Added first drafts to manage record files.
Added first emulation of xxd.

Contents#

Overview#

Introduction#

Documentation#

Architecture#

Examples#

Convert format#

Merge files#

Dataset generator#

Write a CRC#

Trim for bootloader#

Export ELF physical program#

Installation#

Development#

Installation#

From PyPI#

From source#

Command Line Interface#

hexrec#

clear#

convert#

crop#

cut#

delete#

fill#

flood#

merge#

motorola#

del-header#

get-header#

set-header#

reverse#

shift#

validate#

xxd#

Reference#

Contributing#

Bug reports#

Documentation improvements#

Feature requests and feedback#

Development#

Pull Request Guidelines#

Tips#

Authors#

Special thanks#

Changelog#

0.3.1 (2024-01-23)#

0.3.0 (2023-02-21)#

0.2.3 (2021-12-30)#

0.2.2 (2020-11-08)#

0.2.1 (2020-03-05)#

0.2.0 (2020-02-01)#

0.1.0 (2019-08-13)#

0.0.4 (2018-12-22)#

0.0.3 (2018-12-04)#

0.0.2 (2018-08-29)#

0.0.1 (2018-06-27)#

Indices and tables#